Kochi: The Kerala High Court has ruled that physiotherapists and occupational therapists who do not possess a recognised medical qualification cannot use the prefix ‘Dr.’ with their names. The court held that such usage would violate the Indian Medical Degrees Act, 1916, which restricts the title to those with approved medical degrees.
The decision came during the hearing of a plea filed by the Indian Association of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. The association had sought an interim order preventing physiotherapists and occupational therapy professionals from presenting themselves as primary health-care providers, arguing that their role should remain supportive and under the supervision of qualified medical practitioners. A Bench of Justice V. G. Arun noted that there exists “an apparent conflict” between the Indian Medical Degrees Act, 1916 and provisions in the Competency-based Curriculum for Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy. The judge further observed that a directive issued by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare had already ordered the removal of the ‘Dr.’ prefix from the Competency-based Curriculum for Physiotherapy - Approved Syllabus, 2025.
The Ministry’s order, the court said, was based on the principle that using the title ‘Doctor’ without an officially recognised medical qualification constitutes a legal violation. The court directed competent authorities to ensure strict compliance with the rule and to prevent physiotherapists and occupational therapists from using the prefix unless they hold recognised medical degrees. The ruling reinforces a long-standing legal position distinguishing between medical practitioners and allied health professionals. While physiotherapists play a vital role in patient rehabilitation and recovery, the court clarified that their services are considered supplementary to those provided by qualified doctors.
The matter has been posted for further hearing on 1 December. The court’s direction is expected to influence professional designations and the regulation of health-care practice standards across the country.
