Smaller Caste-Based Parties Gain Ground in Bihar Politics

The upcoming Bihar Assembly elections are seeing a surge in smaller caste-based parties, highlighted by the induction of the Indian Inclusive Party (IIP) into the INDIA bloc. Formed just six months ago, IIP represents the Tanti-Tatwa and Pan communities, traditionally weavers and cloth traders across Bihar, West Bengal, and Odisha. The party has been allocated three seats to contest, two likely from Congress’ quota, and will use the 'karni' election symbol.

The rise of IIP follows a Supreme Court decision rejecting the Bihar government’s attempt to move these communities from the Extremely Backward Class (EBC) category to Scheduled Caste status. Earlier, in April, IIP held a rally in Patna demanding the restoration of SC status and officially launched the party.

Bihar has a long history of caste-based politics, with major players like Rashtriya Janata Dal, Lok Janshakti Party, Vikassheel Insaan Party, and Suheldev Bharatiya Samaj Party drawing support from specific communities. These parties reflect the growing demand among marginalized groups for political representation. Similar trends are seen in Uttar Pradesh, where caste-based parties continue to influence local politics.

The emergence of IIP demonstrates the ongoing fragmentation and diversification of political power in Bihar, giving smaller communities a stronger voice in the state’s decision-making process.